| In November 1802 Matthew
Flinders anchored in the stretch of sheltered water between Bentinck and
Sweers Islands in the South Wellesly Island Group. This anchorage he named
Investigator Road to commemorate his vessel HMS Investigator. The term
roadstead or road is used by navigators to describe a piece of water, near
the shore, in which ships can ride at anchor.
Flinders spoke highly of
it '...The advantages to be obtained here by a ship are briefly these:
shelter against all winds in the Investigator's Road, wood for fuel, fresh
water and a tolerable abundance of fish and turtle ...'
Flinders was not the first
'deep water' sailorman to go ashore on Sweers Island for he found some
evidence of another visit.
In his journal he noted '...a
square piece of timber seven feet long, which was of teak wood, and according
to the judgment of the carpenter had been a quarter deck carling of a ship,
was thrown up on the western beach' and on 'Bentinck's Island I
saw the stumps of at least twenty trees, which had been felled with an
axe, or some sharp instrument of iron; and not far from the same place
were scattered the broken remains of an earthen jar. Putting these circumstances
together, it seemed probable that some ship from the East Indies had been
wrecked here two or three years back. '
Before he left Sydney for
his epic circumnavigation of the Australian continent, Flinders had been
instructed by Governor King to ascertain whether or not Australia was a
single continent or not.
As the Governor wrote to
Sir Joseph Banks. There is a need to '...solve the doubt whether the
mountains are separated from other parts of New Holland by a sea or a strait
running from the Gulf of Carpentaria into the Southern Ocean which is a
very favourite idea in this country.'
As a result of his observation
from Inspection Hill on Sweers Island, Flinders was satisfied that no such
channel existed. The only possibility of an inlet from the Gulf was that
sketchily indicated on what Flinders called the 'old chart', but from Inspection
Hill it was clear that it was only the channel between Sweers and Bentinck
Islands and the distant mainland.
Later he enthusiastically
promoted the name Australia for what he had proved to be a continent and
not immense islands to be called New South Wales and New Holland.
As Flinders wrote '...It
is necessary, however, to geographical precision, that so soon as New Holland
and New South Wales were known to be one land, there should be a general
name applicable to the whole.'
He then went on to say 'Had
I permitted myself any innovation on the original term, it would be to
convert it into Australia; as being more agreeable to the ear, and as an
assimilation to the names of the other great portions of the earth.'
It is hereabouts, in the
remote Gulf Country, that 'Australia' - a single name for an undivided
land - became possible and by the efforts of Matthew Flinders was finally
adopted.
|